Reading the Serial Number Em18n34a-b on a Friedrich Window Unit
Using the Hardware Serial Ports
The Teensy boards have i to 8 hardware serial ports, which may be used to connect to series devices, similar GPS receivers, XBee & ESP Wifi modules, Modbus controllers, series interface displays and many other series devices.The most common outcome with serial ports on Teensy is use of code designed for Arduino Uno with Series within the code. On Teensy, Serial accesses the USB merely. USB and Serial1 (pins 0 & ane) are not shared on Teensy. For hardware serial ports, Serial1 , Serial2 , Serial3 , Serial4 , Serial5 , Serial6 , Serial7 or Serial8 must be used.
Hardware
| Serial Port | Point | Teensy 1.0 | Teensy 2.0 | Teensy++ 1.0 & 2.0 | Teensy LC | Teensy three.0, three.ane, 3.2 | Teensy 3.v & 3.vi | Teensy 4.0 | Teensy 4.1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serial1 | Receive | ii | 7 | two | 0, 3, 21, 25 | 0, 21 | 0, 21, 27 | 0,(xbar) | 0,52,(xbar) |
| Transmit | 3 | 8 | 3 | i, 4, v, 24 | 1, 5 | ane, five, 26 | 1 | one,53 | |
| Transmit Enable | Any | Whatever | Whatsoever | Any | Any | Any | Whatever | Any | |
| RTS | - | - | - | Any | Any | Whatsoever | Any | Whatever | |
| CTS | - | - | - | - | 18, 20 | 18, xx | (xbar*) | (xbar*) | |
| Serial2 | Receive | - | - | - | nine | ix, 26 | 9 | 7,(xbar) | seven,(xbar) |
| Transmit | - | - | - | ten | 10, 31 | 10 | 8 | viii | |
| Transmit Enable | - | - | - | Whatever | Whatsoever | Whatsoever | Any | Whatsoever | |
| RTS | - | - | - | Any | Any | Any | Any | Whatever | |
| CTS | - | - | - | - | 23 | 23 | (xbar*) | (xbar*) | |
| Serial3 | Receive | - | - | - | 7, 6 | vii | 7 | 15,(xbar) | fifteen,(xbar) |
| Transmit | - | - | - | eight, 20 | eight | 8 | fourteen | xiv | |
| Transmit Enable | - | - | - | Any | Whatsoever | Whatever | Any | Any | |
| RTS | - | - | - | Whatever | Any | Any | Any | Any | |
| CTS | - | - | - | - | 14 | 14 | xix,(xbar*) | 19,(xbar*) | |
| Serial4 | Receive | - | - | - | - | - | 31 | 16,(xbar) | 16,(xbar) |
| Transmit | - | - | - | - | - | 32 | 17 | 17 | |
| Transmit Enable | - | - | - | - | - | Any | Any | Whatever | |
| RTS | - | - | - | - | - | Any | Whatever | Any | |
| CTS | - | - | - | - | - | - | (xbar*) | (xbar*) | |
| Serial5 | Receive | - | - | - | - | - | 34 | 21,38,(xbar) | 21,46,(xbar) |
| Transmit | - | - | - | - | - | 33 | 20,39 | 20,47 | |
| Transmit Enable | - | - | - | - | - | Whatever | Whatsoever | Any | |
| RTS | - | - | - | - | - | Whatsoever | Any | Whatsoever | |
| CTS | - | - | - | - | - | 24 | 35,(xbar*) | 43,(xbar*) | |
| Serial6 | Receive | - | - | - | - | - | 47 | 25,(xbar) | 25,(xbar) |
| Transmit | - | - | - | - | - | 48 | 24 | 24 | |
| Transmit Enable | - | - | - | - | - | Any | Whatever | Any | |
| RTS | - | - | - | - | - | Any | Any | Any | |
| CTS | - | - | - | - | - | 56 | (xbar*) | (xbar*) | |
| Serial7 | Receive | - | - | - | - | - | - | 28,(xbar) | 28,(xbar) |
| Transmit | - | - | - | - | - | - | 29 | 29 | |
| Transmit Enable | - | - | - | - | - | - | Any | Any | |
| RTS | - | - | - | - | - | - | Any | Whatsoever | |
| CTS | - | - | - | - | - | - | (xbar*) | (xbar*) | |
| Serial8 | Receive | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 34,48,(xbar) |
| Transmit | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 35 | |
| Transmit Enable | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | Any | |
| RTS | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | Whatever | |
| CTS | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | fifty,(xbar*) |
XBAR pins may be used with attachCts() or setRX(). Each serial port can make but ane connectedness to the XBAR for flexible pivot routing, so on each port you can assign an XBAR pin to either CTS or RX, but not both. XBAR alternating pins each override utilise of i of the master pins, and then care should be used to avert conflicts if using alt pins.
- Teensy iv.0: Primary XBAR Pins 1, 2, iii, 4, 5, 7, viii, 30, 31, 32, 33 - Alt Pins: 0, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39
- Teensy 4.1: Master XBAR Pins 1, two, three, four, 5, 7, 8, 30, 31, 32, 33 - Alt Pins: 0, 36, 37, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47
- MicroMod Teensy: Primary XBAR Pins ane, 2, three, 4, five, vii, eight, 30, 31, 32, 33 - Alt Pins: 0, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39
* CTS polarity is inverted when connected through XBAR. Normally CTS is active low, meaning Teensy is allowed to transmit data when CTS is depression, and must pause when CTS is driven high. But when using XBAR, Teensy transmits when the pin is logic high and pauses transmission while the pin is low.
The serial signals on the Rx and Tx pins are "TTL level". To convert to RS-232 level a MAX232 or similar chip is needed.
All serial ports on all Teensy boards utilise interrupt-based transmit and receive buffering, to let your program to avoid waiting when writing short letters, and to permit data to be reliably received even if your plan must spend time performing other tasks.
On Teensy 3.half-dozen when running faster than 120 MHz, writing to EEPROM may momentarily interfere with Serial1 and Serial2 baud rates. Reading EEPROM does not interfere. Serial3 to Serial6 are not afflicted.
Normally Used Serial Protocols
- MIDI
- ESP8266 (with fast baud charge per unit and RTS/CTS flow control)
- SBUS
- Modbus RTU (run into RS-485 transmitterEnable office)
- Thou-Motorcoach
- Robotis Dynamixel AX and MX-T
- GPS NMEA0183
- DMX Lighting
- EasyTransfer library
- BlueSMiRF
- XBee
Case Lawmaking
This elementary example shows how to utilise both the UART and USB Series at the same time. Both are monitored for incoming bytes, and when either receives data, the results are printed to both.// set this to the hardware serial port you wish to use #define HWSERIAL Serial1 void setup ( ) { Series . begin ( 9600 ) ;HWSERIAL . begin ( 9600 ) ; } void loop ( ) {int incomingByte ;if ( Serial . available ( ) > 0 ) {incomingByte = Series . read ( ) ; Series . print ( "USB received: " ) ; Series . println ( incomingByte , December ) ;HWSERIAL . print ( "USB received:" ) ;HWSERIAL . println ( incomingByte , Dec ) ;}if ( HWSERIAL . available ( ) > 0 ) {incomingByte = HWSERIAL . read ( ) ; Series . print ( "UART received: " ) ; Serial . println ( incomingByte , Dec ) ;HWSERIAL . print ( "UART received:" ) ;HWSERIAL . println ( incomingByte , December ) ;} }
Standard Serial Functions
All of the standard Serial functions are supported.Serial1.begin(baud)
Initialize the Uart object. The baud charge per unit must exist given.If begin(baud) is called after serial data is already incoming, whatever 0 data bit may be mistakenly detected as the commencement start bit, resulting in corrupted reception. If started out of sync, the receiver needs an idle fourth dimension of 9 bits between a end bit and the side by side kickoff bit to "go into sync". Certain 100% bandwidth utilization patterns may never sync, which is a key limitation of serial communication.
Serial1.print(data) and Serial1.println(data)
Print a number or cord. Serial1.impress() prints only the number or string, and Serial1.println() prints it with a newline grapheme.// Serial1.impress() can print many different typesint number = 1234 ; Serial1 . println ( "string" ) ;// string Serial1 . println ( 'a' ) ;// unmarried graphic symbol Serial1 . println ( number ) ;// number (base 10 if sixteen or 32 chip) Serial1 . println ( number , DEC ) ;// number, base x (default) Serial1 . println ( number , HEX ) ;// number, base sixteen/hexidecimal Serial1 . println ( number , OCT ) ;// number, base 8/octal Serial1 . println ( number , BIN ) ;// number, base 2/binary Serial1 . println ( 3.14 ) ;// number in floating point, 2 digits
Serial1.availableForWrite()
Returns the number of bytes that may exist written without pregnant delay. If you write more than this number, Serial1.write() may demand to look for data to transmit earlier it can identify your information into the transmit buffer.Serial1.write(byte)
Transmit a byte.Serial1.available()
Returns true if at to the lowest degree 1 byte is available, or fake if nothing has been received.Serial1.read()
Read ane byte (0 to 255), if available, or -1 if nil available. Usually Serial1.read() is used after Serial1.available(). For example:if ( Serial1 . available ( ) ) {incomingByte = Serial1 . read ( ) ;// will not be -1// actually do something with incomingByte}
In 9 bit manner, the render value is 0 to 511, or -1 if nothing available.
Serial1.flush()
Look for whatsoever transmitted data withal in buffers to actually transmit. If no data is waiting in a buffer to transmit, affluent() returns immediately.Serial1.articulate()
Discard any received data that has not been read.Serial1.setTX(pin)
Configure the serial port to use an alternating transmit pin. Teensy LC and 3.10 support simply specific alternate pins. This role may be called before Serial1.begin(baud), to pre-configure the pin used. It may also be used while the serial port is active. Concrete pullup resistors are recommended for applications which change pins while running.Serial1.setRX(pin)
Configure the series port to use an alternate receive pin. Teensy LC and 3.x back up simply specific alternating pins. This function may be called before Serial1.begin(baud), to pre-configure the pin used. It may also be used while the series port is active. Physical pullup resistors are recommended for applications which change pins while running.Serial1.transmitterEnable(pin)
Use a pin to automatically enable a RS-485 transceiver scrap. This pin outputs a logic Loftier when transmitting data. Information technology goes Low after the last stop chip, to allow reception when not transmitting.Most RS-485 chips have ii command signals, an active-high transmitter enable and an active-low receiver enable. Normally those 2 signals are wired together and connected to the transmitter enable output.
Serial1.addMemoryForRead(buffer, size)
Increase the corporeality of buffer memory between reception of bytes by the serial hardware and the bachelor() and read() functions. This is useful when your plan must spend lengthy times performing other work, like writing to a SD card, before it can render to reading the incoming series data.The buffer array must be a global or static variable.
Serial1.addMemoryForWrite(buffer, size)
Increment the corporeality of buffer retention between print(), write() and actual hardware serial manual. This can exist useful when your program needs to impress or write a big amount of data, without waiting.The buffer array must be a global or static variable.
Serial1.attachRts(pin)
Enable RTS flow control. The specified pivot becomes an output. Low indicates the Teensy is gear up to recieve data. High is a request for the other device to pause transmission. RTS is driven high before Teensy's receive buffer is full, to permit tolerance for devices which do not immediately pause manual in response to RTS.This function must be chosen after Serial1.brainstorm();
The RTS output from Teensy should exist continued to the CTS input on the other serial device, similarly to the TX output connecting to the other device'south RX input. Do not only connect same-named signals with series.
Supported just on Teensy LC, 3.x, 4.ten. Any digital pivot may be used.
Serial1.attachCts(pivot)
Enable CTS menstruation command. When this pivot is driven high, Teensy will pause transmission afterwards the currently transmitting byte (if any) is completed.This function must be called after Serial1.brainstorm();
The CTS input from Teensy should exist connected to the RTS output on the other serial device, similarly to the RX input connecting to the other device's TX output. Do not simply connect same-named signals with serial.
Supported only on Teensy iii.ten, 4.x. Only specific pins may be used.
Serial1.begin(baud, format)
Initialize the serial object with a baud charge per unit and data format. Supported only on Teensy LC, three.0, iii.1, three.2, 3.v, 3.vi.| Format Name | Data Bits | Parity | Stop $.25 | RX Polarity | TX Polarity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SERIAL_7E1 | vii | Even | Normal | Normal | |
| SERIAL_7O1 | 7 | Odd | |||
| SERIAL_8N1 | 8 | None | |||
| SERIAL_8N2 | viii | None | |||
| SERIAL_8E1 | 8 | Even | |||
| SERIAL_8O1 | viii | Odd | |||
| SERIAL_7E1_RXINV | 7 | Fifty-fifty | Inverted | Normal | |
| SERIAL_7O1_RXINV | vii | Odd | |||
| SERIAL_8N1_RXINV | 8 | None | |||
| SERIAL_8N2_RXINV | 8 | None | |||
| SERIAL_8E1_RXINV | viii | Even | |||
| SERIAL_8O1_RXINV | eight | Odd | |||
| SERIAL_7E1_TXINV | 8 | Even | Normal | Inverted | |
| SERIAL_7O1_TXINV | viii | Odd | |||
| SERIAL_8N1_TXINV | 8 | None | |||
| SERIAL_8N2_TXINV | 8 | None | |||
| SERIAL_8E1_TXINV | 8 | Even | |||
| SERIAL_8O1_TXINV | 8 | Odd | |||
| SERIAL_7E1_RXINV_TXINV | 7 | Even | Inverted | Inverted | |
| SERIAL_7O1_RXINV_TXINV | vii | Odd | |||
| SERIAL_8N1_RXINV_TXINV | 8 | None | |||
| SERIAL_8N2_RXINV_TXINV | 8 | None | |||
| SERIAL_8E1_RXINV_TXINV | eight | Fifty-fifty | |||
| SERIAL_8O1_RXINV_TXINV | 8 | Odd | |||
| The post-obit formats are available when HardwareSerial.h is edited with SERIAL_9BIT_SUPPORT | |||||
| SERIAL_9N1 | 9 | None | Normal | Normal | |
| SERIAL_9E1 | 9 | Fifty-fifty | |||
| SERIAL_9O1 | nine | Odd | |||
| SERIAL_9N1_RXINV | nine | None | Inverted | Normal | |
| SERIAL_9E1_RXINV | ix | Even | |||
| SERIAL_9O1_RXINV | ix | Odd | |||
| SERIAL_9N1_TXINV | 9 | None | Normal | Inverted | |
| SERIAL_9E1_TXINV | 9 | Even | |||
| SERIAL_9O1_TXINV | 9 | Odd | |||
| SERIAL_9N1_RXINV_TXINV | 9 | None | Inverted | Inverted | |
| SERIAL_9E1_RXINV_TXINV | 9 | Fifty-fifty | |||
| SERIAL_9O1_RXINV_TXINV | 9 | Odd | |||
Serial1.write9bit(word)
Transmit ix bit data. The "word" may take the 9th bit ready or cleared. Teensy 3.0, 3.1, 3.two support nine scrap style on Serial1, Serial2 and Serial3.
Teensy three.v, 3.6 support 9 bit style on Serial1, Serial2, Serial3, Serial4, Serial5 and Serial6.
Teensy LC supports nine bit mode simply on Serial1. Serial2 and Serial3 do not have 9 scrap mode.
In vii and viii flake modes, this role is the same as write(byte).
Usable Baud Rates
Serial communcation can tolerate about 2.5% error. Considering the baud rates are created using the CPU clock, which is not an verbal multiple of standard baud rates, higher speed baud rates can non be used if the clock is set (in the Tools > CPU Speed menu) to slower speeds.| Intended Baud Rate | Teensy 3.6 Error at 180 MHz Series 1-2 | Teensy 3.six Fault at 180 MHz Serial 3-6 | Teensy 3.5 Error at 120 MHz Series one-two | Teensy 3.5 Mistake at 120 MHz Series 3-six | Teensy 3.2 Error at 96 MHz Serial one-2 | Teensy iii.2 Error at 96 MHz Serial iii | Teensy LC Error at 48 MHz Series i-iii |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4608000 | 0.16% | 0.sixteen% | 0.16% | 0.16% | -0.79% | -0.79% | -65.45% |
| 2000000 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | -25.00% |
| 1000000 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | -25.00% |
| 921600 | -0.10% | 0.16% | 0.sixteen% | 0.16% | 0.sixteen% | 0.16% | -xviii.62% |
| 500000 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| 460800 | +0.03% | 0.16% | -0.03% | 0.xvi% | -0.08% | 0.16% | 8.51% |
| 250000 (DMX) | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| 230400 | -0.03% | -0.03% | -0.03% | -0.03% | 0.04% | -0.08% | -6.99% |
| 115200 | 0.00% | -0.03% | 0.02% | -0.03% | -0.02% | 0.04% | 0.16% |
| 57600 | 0.00% | 0.02% | 0.01% | 0.02% | 0.01% | -0.02% | 0.16% |
| 38400 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.16% |
| 31250 (MIDI) | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| 19200 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.16% |
| 9600 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.16% |
| 4800 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | -0.16% |
| 2400 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| 1200 | xiv.44% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| 300 | 357.77% | 52.59% | 205.18% | 52.59% | 144.14% | 22.07% | 0.00% |
| Intended Baud Rate | Teensy 3.0 Error at 48 MHz | Teensy 3.0 Error at 24 MHz | Teensy two.0 Fault at sixteen MHz | Teensy 2.0 Mistake at 8 MHz | Teensy 2.0 Mistake at 4 MHz | Teensy two.0 Error at 2 MHz | Teensy ii.0 Fault at one MHz |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 115200 | +0.04% | -0.08% | +2.12% | -3.55% | +8.51% | +8.51% | +8.51% |
| 57600 | -0.02% | +0.04% | -0.79% | +2.12% | -3.55% | +eight.51% | +8.51% |
| 38400 | +0.00% | +0.00% | +0.16% | +0.16% | +0.sixteen% | -half dozen.99% | +8.51% |
| 31250 (MIDI) | +0.00% | +0.00% | +0.00% | +0.00% | +0.00% | +0.00% | +0.00% |
| 19200 | +0.00% | +0.00% | +0.16% | +0.xvi% | +0.16% | +0.16% | -six.99% |
| 9600 | +0.00% | +0.00% | +0.xvi% | +0.16% | +0.16% | +0.16% | +0.16% |
| 4800 | +0.00% | +0.00% | -0.08% | +0.sixteen% | +0.sixteen% | +0.16% | +0.16% |
| 2400 | +0.00% | +0.00% | +0.04% | -0.08% | +0.sixteen% | +0.sixteen% | +0.sixteen% |
| 1200 | +0.00% | +0.00% | -0.02% | +0.04% | -0.08% | +0.16% | +0.16% |
| 300 | +22.07% | +0.00% | +0.01% | +0.01% | -0.02% | +0.04% | -0.08% |
High Speed Baud Rates
Serial1 and Serial2 on Teensy 3.two, 3.5 and 3.half-dozen have FIFOs, which reduce interrupt overhead when used at loftier baud rates. These first 2 ports also run from a college clock speed, for higher accuracy at very fast baud rates. All serial ports on Teensy 4.0, Teensy 4.1 and MicroMod Teensy have FIFOs.At very loftier baud rates, even small software delays can let a recive buffer to overflow which causing incoming information to exist lost. RTS/CTS flow control offers the very best solution to information loss, simply requires two extra signals and proper RTS/CTS back up by the other device communicating with Teensy. The alternative is to apply addMemoryForRead() to increase the receive buffer size large enough to capture all incoming data during times your program is decorated with other work.
On Teensy 4 boards, the series ports commonly are limited to 6 Mbit/sec baud charge per unit. However, maximum baud rate tin be increased to 20 Mbit/sec past reconfiguring the UART clock source.
Arduino Uno at 57600 Baud - It's Actually 58824
Arduino Uno creates the same baud rates as Teensyduino, except at 57600, where Arduino's mistake is +two.12%. When communicating with an Arduino board, the combined +two.12% and -0.79% error is too much. Successful communication with Arduino requires 58824 baud.void setup ( ) { Serial1 . begin ( 58824 ) ;// Arduino 57600 is really 58824 }
Alternately, if you edit the Arduino code to use "Serial.begin(57601)", Arduino will create a baud rate with only -0.79% error, which exactly matches Teensy.
The Arduino bootloader on Duemilanove and Diecimila, and the 8u2 or 16u2 scrap on Arduino Uno when fix to 57600, are ever 58824 baud. These are not hands reconfigured, then setting Teensy to 58824 baud is the all-time solution if y'all must communicate with these.
Reading the Serial Number Em18n34a-b on a Friedrich Window Unit
Source: https://www.pjrc.com/teensy/td_uart.html
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